Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosome alone or Combination Therapy as a Treatment Strategy for Wound Healing

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Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosome alone or Combination Therapy as a Treatment Strategy for Wound Healing

Abstract

The process of wound healing consists of multiple phases, and any disruptions in these phases can lead to the wound becoming chronic and impose heavy financial and psychological costs on the patient and a huge economic burden on the country’s healthcare system. Various treatments such as drugs, matrix and scaffolds, blood products, cell therapy, and a combination of these treatments are used for wound healing. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of these methods that have produced appropriate responses in the healing of patients’ wounds. MSCs by secreting growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and RNAs elicit changes in cell proliferation, migration, growth, signaling, immunomodulation, and wound re-epithelialization process, and as a result, accelerate wound closure and wound healing. These cells can be isolated from different body sources with different cell characteristics and used directly on the wound site or by injection. In addition, MSCs-derived exosomes have attracted growing attention due to circumventing concerns relating to the direct use of MSCs. To increase the performance of MSCs, they can be used together with other compounds such as platelets, matrices, or scaffolds. This study examined the functions of MSCs in wound healing, as well as the vesicles they secrete, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and combined treatments with MSCs for wound healing.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Soheil Nouri

  2. Orthopedic and Pelvic Ward, Mortaz Hospital, Yazd, Iran

    Shahram Shokraneh

  3. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Paradise Fatehi Shalamzari

  4. College of Dentistry, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq

    Mareb Hamed Ahmed

  5. Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq

    Usama Kadem Radi

  6. Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq

    Ameer Hassan Idan

  7. Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Javad Ebrahimi & Maral Moafi

  8. Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Nasim Gholizadeh

Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and the main idea of the work. S.N., S.S., P.F.S., M.H.A., U.K.R. drafted the main text, figures, and tables. N.G. and M.M. supervised the work and provided comments and additional scientific information. A.H.I. and M.J.E. reviewed and revised the text. All authors read and approved the final version of the work to be published.

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